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Hide (skin)
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A hide or skin is an animal treated for human use. The word "hide" is related to the German word Haut, which means . The industry defines hides as "skins" of large animals e.g. cow, buffalo; while skins refer to "skins" of smaller animals: , , , , , , , etc. Common commercial hides include from and other animals, buckskin, and . All are used for , , leather bags, belts, or other accessories. Leather is also used in , , interior decorating, and . Skins are sometimes still gathered from and processed at a domestic or artisanal level but most is now industrialized and large-scale. Various are used for this purpose. Hides are also used as processed chews for dogs or other pets.

The term "skin" is sometimes expanded to include , which are harvested from various species, including , , and .


History
Archaeologists believe that animal hides provided an important source of and shelter for numerous prehistoric humans. Hide use continues into modern times, where it remains especially important outside industrialized societies.

The , for example, traditionally use animal hides for summer , clothes, and . In early medieval Europe, hides were used to protect wooden castles and defend buildings from setting alight during a . Various American Indian tribes have extensively used hides in the construction of and , , and buckskins. They were sometimes used as coverings. Until the invention of in the 1950s, animal hides or were usually used.

and —a kind of made from processed skins—was introduced to the Eastern Mediterranean during the , supposedly at .

The Assize of Weights and Measures—one of the statutes of uncertain date from —mentions rawhide, , , and among the principal items of England's commerce. A standardized shipload of leather (a last) consisted of 20 dicker of 10 cowhides. and skins were traded and taxed in timbers of 40 hides each. Skins were also traded in binds of 32 or 33 skins each, while gloves were sold in dickers of 10 pair and dozens of 12 pair. The parchment and vellum was traded based on dozens of the original from which they were prepared..  &  &

Rare furs have been a notable throughout history. fur is particularly associated with European nobility, with the black-tipped tails arranged around the edges of the robes to produce a pattern of black diamonds on a white field. Demand for in the 17th and 18th century drove some of the initial exploration and colonization of , particularly in what is now . High fur demand led to over-hunting of species like sea otters and even prompted wars among native tribes competing for the most productive areas. Natural leather continues to be used for many expensive products from upholstery to designer cases. There are, however, many forms of artificial leather and fur now available, which are usually cheaper alternatives.


Production
Animal hides and skins are usually processed fresh or salted and tanned. Skins sometimes are stretched, dried, and tanned. Most hides are processed from domesticated animals; the most common wild animals used for and —are similarly raised in captivity and farmed. Some others—including and —are still trapped in the wild for their fur.


Use
Currently, hides are mainly used for , , leather goods; skins are used for , particularly as coats, , leather goods and . It is also used for .

Many traditional , especially like the , continue to be made using natural skins. The was formerly important in . The and are usually prepared from , while their equivalent, the , is made from in the case of students and in the case of professional players. The African-American was originally made from skins but is now often synthetic. "Hides" is used as a slang term to refer to a drumset.

is the most common material for the construction of . rawhide is a common material for the grips of , , and .

skins are processed as . Hides can also be used as chew toys for pets.

fur is popular for hats, coats, and glove linings.


Controversy
activists generally protest the use of animal hides for human clothing. Forms of protest range from 's "I would rather go naked than wear fur" campaign, although more shocking and direct action, like damaging furs with red in imitation of , has been toned down, like the "Ink, not Mink" campaign. Roadblocking and break-ins against meat/fur/leather industry is also used and extends to personal campaigns against such companies and also hunters which have included arson and assault in some cases.


See also


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